Dr Rajesh bollam DM medical oncology and hematology ( Cancer specialist Hyderabad )

After a physical examination, your doctor will tell you how to prepare for specific tests, such as: Imaging tests : An abnormal mass can be seen on X-ray, MRI, CT, and PET scans. These scans produce more detail and find smaller lesions. Sputum cytology : If you produce phlegm when you cough, microscopic examination can determine if cancer cells are present. A biopsy can determine if tumor cells are cancerous. A tissue sample can be obtained by: Bronchoscopy : While under sedation, a lighted tube is passed down your throat and into your lungs, allowing closer examination. Mediastinoscopy : The doctor makes an incision at the base of the neck. A lighted instrument is inserted and surgical tools are used to take samples from lymph nodes. It’s usually performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. Needle : Using imaging tests as a guide, a needle is inserted through the chest wall and into th...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. According to the American Lung Association, there were 2.1 million new cases in 2018, as well as 1.8 million deaths from lung cancer. The most common type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 80 to 85 percent of all cases, according to the Lung Cancer Alliance. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents about 15 to 20 percent of lung cancers. At the time of diagnosis, 2 out of 3 people with SCLC are already in the extensive stage. Anyone can get lung cancer, but smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is linked to about 90 percent of lung cancer cases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Trusted Source , cigarette smokers are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer than nonsmokers. In the United States, each year about 7,300 people who never smoked die from lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke. Former smokers are still at risk of developing lung c...

  What causes lung cancer? Anyone can get lung cancer, but 90 percent of lung cancer cases are the result of smoking. From the moment you inhale smoke into your lungs, it starts damaging your lung tissue. The lungs can repair the damage, but continued exposure to smoke makes it increasingly difficult for the lungs to keep up the repair. Once cells are damaged, they begin to behave abnormally, increasing the likelihood of developing lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer is almost always associated with heavy smoking. When you stop smoking, you lower your risk of lung cancer over time. Exposure to radon, a naturally existing radioactive gas, is the second leading cause, according to the American Lung Association. Radon enters buildings through small cracks in the foundation. Smokers who are also exposed to radon have a very high risk of lung cancer. Breathing in other hazardous substances, especially over a long period of time, can also cause lung cancer. A t...

What Is Lung Cancer? Lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see  What Is Cancer? Normal structure and function of the lungs Your lungs are 2 sponge-like organs in your chest. Your right lung has 3 sections, called  lobes . Your left lung has 2 lobes. The left lung is smaller because the heart takes up more room on that side of the body. When you breathe in, air enters through your mouth or nose and goes into your lungs through the  trachea  (windpipe). The trachea divides into tubes called  bronchi , which enter the lungs and divide into smaller bronchi. These divide to form smaller branches called  bronchioles . At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs known as  alveoli . The alveoli absorb oxygen into your blood from the inhaled air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood when you exhale. Takin...

  Low tumor burden : RESORT R x 4-> R at relapse vs R maint No dif in TTF BOOK APPOINTMENT High tumor burden: PRIMA = R+CHOP/CVP/FCM ->R or no R PFS, no dif OS Long term f/u still no dif OS BR = Retrospective suggests PFS if in PR vs no R #DrRajeshBollam #HematoOncologist #oncologistinyashoda #hematolgist #lymphomaspecialist BOOK APPOINTMENT

Cervical cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of body cells and can start almost anywhere in the human body. When cancer develops in the cervix of female it is termed as cervical cancer or cancer cervix. Cervix is the lower part of the uterus and connects the body of the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).The lower part of the cervix (ectocervix) lies within the vagina and the upper two thirds of the cervix (endocervix) lies above the vagina. Most cervical cancers originate in the area where the endocervix and ectocervix join. BOOK APPOINTMENT Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and second most common cancer in women living in less developed regions. World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 530 000 new cases of cervical cancer globally (estimations for 2012), with approximately 270 000 deaths (representing 7.5% of all female cancer deaths). More than 85% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The highest estimated incid...